春播期玉米絲黑穗病的防治技術
玉(yu)米(mi)絲(si)黑(hei)穗(sui)病(bing)是(shi)玉(yu)米(mi)生(sheng)長(chang)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)害(hai),近(jin)年(nian)由(you)於(yu)玉(yu)米(mi)種(zhong)子(zi)包(bao)衣(yi),用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)少(shao),個(ge)別(bie)地(di)塊(kuai)仍(reng)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)發(fa)生(sheng),田(tian)間(jian)有(you)大(da)量(liang)菌(jun)源(yuan),該(gai)病(bing)屬(shu)積(ji)年(nian)流(liu)行(xing)病(bing)害(hai),又(you)是(shi)係(xi)統(tong)侵(qin)染(ran)病(bing)害(hai),春(chun)播(bo)期(qi)氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)適(shi)宜(yi),有(you)利(li)於(yu)該(gai)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),因(yin)此(ci)春(chun)播(bo)期(qi)做(zuo)好(hao)藥(yao)劑(ji)拌(ban)種(zhong)和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)處(chu)理(li)是(shi)防(fang)治(zhi)玉(yu)米(mi)絲(si)黑(hei)穗(sui)病(bing)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)。
一、做好種子拌種、土壤處理
玉米絲黑病是苗期係統性侵染病害,主要以土壤、糞肥、種zhong子zi帶dai菌jun,當dang玉yu米mi播bo種zhong後hou,溫wen濕shi度du適shi宜yi,病bing源yuan菌jun萌meng發fa侵qin入ru玉yu米mi種zhong子zi,苗miao期qi表biao現xian症zheng狀zhuang不bu明ming顯xian,到dao穗sui期qi表biao現xian明ming顯xian症zheng狀zhuang。玉yu米mi製zhi種zhong田tian發fa病bing較jiao重zhong,采cai用yong藥yao劑ji拌ban種zhong可ke有you效xiao的de防fang治zhi。用yong12.5%速保利可濕性粉劑拌種,用種子量的0.15%,在播種前2―3天按每公斤種子加清水250―300克,將5―7.5keyaodaorushuizhongxishijunyun,ranhoudaoruzhongzizhong,fandaoshuci,shizhongzijiangyaoyexiganjing,liangganhoudaibo,qiejiganban,quebaofangzhixiaoguo。youtiaojiandefabingzhongdedikuaikefuyiturangchuli,yaojitongshang,fangzhixiaoguogenghao。
二、選擇抗病品種,合理輪作
選用抗病性能強的優良品種,可以有效減輕玉米絲黑穗病的發生。根據作物布局、氣候條件,選用農大係列、中單係列等的一些品種,如:長城799、東單14號、通吉100、永玉3號、浚單20、吉玉、龍單13等等。做好玉米品種的提純複壯工作,與高粱、穀子、大豆、甘薯等作物,實行三年以上輪作。
三、做好選種曬種,保墒、促幼苗及早出土發芽
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