如何提高發芽率以及發芽率的測定

發芽率的提高，可以通過以下一些步驟：在zai浸jin種zhong前qian選xuan晴qing天tian曬shai種zhong
，以yi提ti高gao發fa芽ya率lv和he發fa芽ya勢shi。對dui收shou獲huo時shi成cheng熟shu不bu夠gou充chong分fen的de種zhong子zi，曬shai種zhong具ju有you良liang好hao的de促cu進jin後hou熟shu的de效xiao果guo。曬shai種zhong還hai能neng使shi種zhong子zi幹gan燥zao一yi致zhi
，浸jin種zhong後hou吸xi水shui均jun勻yun，催cui芽ya時shi發fa芽ya整zheng齊qi，同tong時shi也ye能neng起qi到dao一yi定ding的de殺sha菌jun作zuo用yong。曬shai種zhong天tian數shu依yi氣qi候hou條tiao件jian

、種子質量而定，一般早稻曬2～3d，做到薄攤
、勤翻、曬勻

、曬透
，並防止破殼斷粒[2]
；雙季晚稻種子由於氣溫高，光照強烈，一般隻需曬1～2d，並bing應ying防fang止zhi直zhi接jie在zai水shui泥ni場chang曬shai種zhong，以yi避bi免mian燒shao傷shang種zhong胚pei。許xu多duo水shui稻dao病bing害hai是shi通tong過guo種zhong子zi傳chuan染ran的de，消xiao毒du是shi預yu防fang水shui稻dao病bing害hai的de重zhong要yao措cuo施shi。浸jin種zhong消xiao毒du藥yao劑ji較jiao多duo，如ru401

、402
、1%的石灰水、福爾馬林、史百克、bichonglindeng，yidangdizhibaobumenpeifangweizhun，zhongzixiaodujiehejinzhongjinxing，ruzhongzixiaoduyidayuqishijian
，erdaoguxishuiliangbuzu，yinghuanqingshuijixujinzhong
，cuiyaqianjiangzhongziqingxiganjing，yimianyingxiangfaya。jinzhongkecujinfayazhengqi，jinzhongyaodazhongzidebaohexishuiliang（穀殼呈半透明狀，腹白和胚清晰可見）才能正常發芽。浸種時間長短
，因溫度高低和品種而異[3]，一般早、中稻浸種時氣溫較低

，需要浸種3～4d
；晚稻浸種時氣溫較高，一般隻需要1～2d；粳jing稻dao浸jin種zhong時shi間jian比bi秈xian稻dao長chang些xie
，穀gu殼ke厚hou的de要yao比bi穀gu殼ke薄bo的de浸jin種zhong時shi間jian長chang些xie。在zai生sheng產chan上shang，既ji要yao防fang止zhi低di溫wen時shi浸jin種zhong時shi間jian過guo短duan，吸xi水shui不bu足zu造zao成cheng催cui芽ya不bu齊qi
，播bo種zhong後hou形xing成cheng“公孫苗”
，也ye要yao防fang止zhi高gao溫wen時shi浸jin種zhong時shi間jian過guo長chang，使shi胚pei乳ru中zhong分fen解jie的de可ke溶rong性xing養yang分fen滲shen出chu穎ying殼ke，不bu僅jin養yang分fen利li用yong不bu經jing濟ji，而er且qie糖tang酵jiao解jie也ye影ying響xiang發fa芽ya率lv。目mu前qian一yi般ban多duo采cai用yong水shui缸gang
、桶、船艙或挖地窖放塑料薄膜存水浸種。在早春浸種，氣溫偏低、種層較厚

，上、下溫差較大，種子吸水不一致，如管理不善容易導致發芽率降低
、fayabuzhengqi。ruzhongzixiaodudadaoyuqideshijianerdaoguxishuiliangbuzu，keyongwangsidaijiangzhongzidiaoruhetangzhong，ruochuyuweiliuzhuangtaizhongxiaoguogengjia。rijinyelu
，jibaitianguanshuijinzhong
，yejianpaishuitongqi，shizhongzishangxiacengxishuikuaieryizhi，tigaofayalv，suoduanjinzhongshijian，jianshaoyangfenxiaohao。huanshuifa，jijinzhonghoumeitianhuanshui
，shishuiyuanxinxian，yangliangchongzu，youlitigaofayalv。jiaodongfa，jijinzhonghougeyidingshijianjiaodongyifan，shishangxiacengwendujunyunyizhi，zengjiayangqi。zhijiezengyangfa
，jiyongzengyangbengzhijiezengyang
，shizhenggejinzhongguochengchuyuyouyangzhuangtai，duitigaofayalvyouli。

發芽率的測定：種子發芽率的測定，可以通過真空數粒置種儀來進行。真空數粒置種儀是專門用於種子發芽實驗中的數種、吸種和置種用。以前我們一般都是通過人工置種，經常會出現種子數量不一

，而且速度很慢。真空數粒置種儀就jiu是shi為wei解jie決jue這zhe一yi難nan題ti而er設she計ji的de
，它ta能neng夠gou保bao證zheng置zhi種zhong數shu量liang的de一yi致zhi，而er且qie不bu同tong的de種zhong子zi

，其qi吸xi種zhong頭tou不bu同tong，可ke以yi自zi行xing選xuan擇ze吸xi力li，大da大da提ti高gao了le吸xi種zhong和he置zhi種zhong的de效xiao率lv。