玉米缺肥的診斷方法
玉yu米mi缺que肥fei對dui玉yu米mi的de生sheng長chang是shi有you很hen大da的de影ying響xiang的de,所suo以yi為wei了le保bao證zheng玉yu米mi的de健jian康kang生sheng長chang,通tong常chang餘yu姚yao有you一yi定ding的de經jing驗yan,去qu判pan斷duan玉yu米mi的de缺que肥fei情qing況kuang,以yi便bian及ji時shi補bu充chong合he適shi的de肥fei料liao。
如果玉米植物出現生長緩慢、葉片狹小,莖杆纖細、葉(ye)色(se)變(bian)為(wei)淡(dan)黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se),並(bing)且(qie)下(xia)部(bu)葉(ye)片(pian)早(zao)衰(shuai)老(lao)化(hua)。缺(que)氮(dan)時(shi),老(lao)葉(ye)首(shou)先(xian)表(biao)現(xian)症(zheng)狀(zhuang),然(ran)後(hou)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)植(zhi)株(zhu)較(jiao)嫩(nen)的(de)葉(ye)片(pian)上(shang)。這(zhe)些(xie)特(te)征(zheng)通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)缺(que)氮(dan),這(zhe)是(shi)應(ying)該(gai)根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang),適(shi)量(liang)施(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei),保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)效(xiao)增(zeng)產(chan)。
而er玉yu米mi缺que磷lin的de主zhu要yao症zheng狀zhuang表biao現xian是shi,幼you苗miao生sheng長chang緩huan慢man矮ai縮suo,根gen係xi發fa育yu差cha,葉ye片pian不bu舒shu展zhan,莖jing杆gan細xi弱ruo,莖jing和he葉ye呈cheng暗an綠lv而er帶dai紫zi色se,葉ye尖jian幹gan枯ku而er成cheng暗an褐he色se,從cong葉ye尖jian沿yan著zhe葉ye緣yuan達da葉ye鞘qiao呈cheng深shen綠lv而er帶dai紫zi色se。紫zi色se是shi因yin玉yu米mi植zhi株zhu體ti內nei糖tang代dai謝xie受shou阻zu,葉ye中zhong積ji累lei糖tang分fen較jiao多duo,促cu進jin花hua色se素su苷gan的de形xing成cheng,使shi植zhi株zhu帶dai紫zi色se。孕yun穗sui至zhi開kai花hua期qi缺que磷lin,糖tang代dai謝xie與yu蛋dan白bai質zhi合he成cheng受shou阻zu,果guo穗sui分fen化hua發fa育yu不bu良liang。穗sui頂ding縊yi縮suo,甚shen至zhi空kong穗sui,花hua絲si也ye會hui延yan遲chi抽chou出chu,容rong易yi出chu現xian禿tu頂ding、缺粒與粒行不整齊、果穗彎曲等現象。
玉米缺鉀的主要症狀:鉀jia肥fei能neng促cu進jin玉yu米mi莖jing杆gan表biao皮pi內nei矽gui質zhi化hua的de厚hou壁bi細xi胞bao的de生sheng長chang,形xing成cheng良liang好hao的de機ji械xie組zu織zhi,使shi莖jing杆gan堅jian韌ren,提ti高gao抗kang倒dao能neng力li。鉀jia肥fei能neng使shi細xi胞bao內nei原yuan生sheng質zhi性xing降jiang低di,細xi胞bao的de保bao水shui力li增zeng強qiang,提ti高gao抗kang旱han性xing。玉yu米mi缺que鉀jia,幼you苗miao表biao現xian發fa育yu緩huan慢man,葉ye色se淡dan綠lv且qie帶dai綠lv色se條tiao紋wen。老lao葉ye中zhong的de鉀jia轉zhuan移yi到dao新xin生sheng組zu織zhi中zhong,葉ye尖jian和he邊bian緣yuan壞huai死si,呈cheng於yu枯ku燒shao灼zhuo狀zhuang。但dan葉ye片pian中zhong脈mai仍reng保bao持chi綠lv色se。如ru果guo嚴yan重zhong缺que鉀jia。植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang矮ai小xiao,節jie間jian縮suo短duan,果guo穗sui發fa育yu不bu良liang,頂ding端duan特te別bie尖jian細xi,禿tu頂ding嚴yan重zhong,籽zi粒li澱dian粉fen含han量liang減jian少shao,千qian粒li重zhong降jiang低di。陰yin礙ai養yang分fen運yun向xiang根gen部bu,使shi根gen係xi發fa育yu不bu良liang,出chu現xian早zao衰shuai現xian象xiang,並bing易yi感gan莖jing腐fu病bing或huo倒dao狀zhuang。
玉米缺鋅的主要症狀:缺que鋅xin在zai玉yu米mi早zao期qi葉ye片pian中zhong脈mai兩liang側ce出chu現xian淺qian黃huang色se的de條tiao紋wen,而er葉ye片pian中zhong脈mai和he邊bian緣yuan仍reng保bao持chi綠lv色se。如ru繼ji續xu缺que鋅xin,有you條tiao紋wen的de部bu分fen可ke能neng壞huai死si,形xing成cheng一yi個ge寬kuan的de退tui色se帶dai,玉yu米mi整zheng株zhu變bian成cheng淡dan綠lv色se,生sheng長chang延yan緩huan,可ke能neng早zao衰shuai而er枯ku死si。鋅xin能neng影ying響xiang玉yu米mi植zhi株zhu內nei原yuan生sheng長chang素su的de合he成cheng。鋅xin可ke催cui化hua葉ye綠lv素su的de光guang化hua學xue反fan應ying,缺que鋅xin會hui引yin起qi缺que綠lv症zheng。鋅xin還hai是shi一yi些xie酶mei的de活huo化hua劑ji,與yu蛋dan白bai質zhi合he成cheng有you重zhong要yao關guan係xi。
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